Resistant starch and fructooligosaccharide improve gut histology and alter gut signaling in rats

Resistant starch can improve insulin sensitivity independently of the gut microbiota

BACKGROUND Obesity-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, have reached epidemic proportions in industrialized nations, and dietary interventions for their prevention are therefore important. Resistant starches (RS) improve insulin sensitivity in clinical trials, but the mechanisms underlying this health benefit remain poorly understood. Because RS fermentation b...

Gut Microbiota and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Resistant Starch Alters Gut Microbiome and Metabolomics Profiles Concurrent with Amelioration of Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats

1 Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in 2 the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased 3 blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xeno-metabolites). The fermentable dietary 4 fiber—high amylose maize resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2)—has been shown to alter the gut 5 milieu, and in CKD ra...

Resistant starch alters gut microbiome and metabolomic profiles concurrent with amelioration of chronic kidney disease in rats.

Patients and animals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit profound alterations in the gut environment including shifts in microbial composition, increased fecal pH, and increased blood levels of gut microbe-derived metabolites (xenometabolites). The fermentable dietary fiber high amylose maize-resistant starch type 2 (HAMRS2) has been shown to alter the gut milieu and in CKD rat models lea...

Evaluation of oral rehydration solution by whole-gut perfusion in rats: effect of osmolarity, sodium concentration and resistant starch.

BACKGROUND Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution (ORS) improved small bowel absorption of fluid and electrolytes in segmental perfusion in experimental animals; this was borne out in clinical practice. Adding amylase-resistant starch (RS) to ORS is expected to increase colonic fluid absorption. This study used combined small and large bowel perfusion to evaluate combinations of reduced o...